Psycho-Spiritual Perspective for Intergenerational Living for the Mission

“I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions.” – Joel 2:28

  1. MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INTERGENERATIONAL LIVING

As a preamble, we have two areas of interest to reflect about: The first is about the reason for this topic. And the second, the significance of the topic itself, which in turn will carry forward this presentation. Why did we choose to study

this theme from a psycho-spiritual perspective? Psychological, because of the necessity to understand deeply the Person who is at the centre and also, the nucleus of this theme. Therefore, we shall try to understand the psychological dynamics that surround our intergenerational living. Spiritual, because the very existence and the mission of a religious person pivots around their spirituality and rapport with God. Hence our reflection on the spiritual aspects of ‘intergenerationality’.

The theme, Intergenerational living for the mission today is indeed a poignant and significant theme because of the ever-increasing impact of ‘intergenerationality’ within our religious communities. Although this topic has been much-discussed in the past twenty years, we are at a crucial juncture of history, wherein the constant evolution of different generations warrants our special attention. Four fundamental ex-facto themes contained in this theme are: a) Individuals belonging to different generations; b) these individual members forming a communities c) mission to be accomplished d) Discerning the signs of the times. Each of these key areas are clearly expressed by Church documents and by the Popes.

  1. Every individual is precious in the sight of God because, “when God created man, He made him in the likeness of God. Male and female He created them, and He blessed them…” (Gen 5:1-2). Affirming God’s predilection for every individual, we read in Lumen Gentium, “by these gifts he makes them fit and ready to undertake the various tasks and offices which contribute toward the renewal and building up of the Church” (LG, no. 12).
  2. These precious individuals come together to form communities for an important reason. In Fratelli Tutti, Pope Francis voices eloquently, the spirit of communion that must embellish our communities. He says, “Let us dream, then, as a single human family, as fellow travellers sharing the same flesh, as children of the same earth which is our common home, each of us bringing the richness of his or her beliefs and convictions, each of us with his or her own voice, brothers and sisters all” (FT, no. 8).
  3. The mission that we as religious are asked to fulfil is a mandate given by the Church to all the congregations, right from the founding of their respective congregations. “The same generosity and self-sacrifice which guided your founders must now inspire you, their spiritual children, to keep alive the charisms which, by the power of the same Spirit who awakened them, are constantly being enriched and adapted, while losing none of their unique character. It is up to you to place those charisms at the service of the Church and to work for the coming of Christ’s Kingdom in its fullness” (St. John Paul II).
  4. signs of the times, through which we discern the Spirit who works in history and helps us to be relevant. Gaudium et Spes confirms this fact saying, “The Church has always had the duty…Our job is not to accommodate ourselves to the times, but rather to scrutinize the signs of the times—both good and bad—and interpret them in the light of the Gospel” (GS, no. 4).

What does intergenerational living mean?

Intergenerational living refers to a lifestyle or community structure where multiple generations – such as young adults, middle-aged individuals, and older adults – live together or in close proximity, fostering interactions, mutual support, and shared resources. This approach is grounded in the idea that each generation brings unique perspectives, experiences, and strengths that can benefit the others.

In religious communities, intergenerational living is often embraced to enable younger and older members to support each other in fulfilling shared missions. The Catholic Church, for example, views intergenerational living as a means to strengthen the community through wisdom, mentorship, and shared spirituality across ages. It creates a two-way beneficial environment where younger members benefit from the guidance and lived experience of elders, and older members find renewed purpose and support from younger generations, thereby, enhancing the continuity and effectiveness community’s mission.

  1. SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF TODAY’S GENERATION

Our communities are like a mosaic of different cultures of people, as well as different ages. The rich diverse tapestry of different personalities of our communities is like a beautifully structured mosaic. Just as the society in which we live in today, our communities are also like a mosaic of different cultures and age groups, consisting of people from different nationalities, cultures, languages, and of different ages.

Definitely, our communities are made up of both young and the old, both the experienced and the newcomers. What do we know about the personality of our brothers and sisters who live with us? In what manner do these people of different ages living together contribute to fulfilling our common ministry. From the perspective of Sociology, we are aware that Sociologists and demographers call these age groups as GENERATIONS.

A generation generally defined as a group of people born and living around the same period, usually spanning 15 to 20 years. Each generation is characterised by their sharing of common cultural experiences, social influences, and historical events that shape its worldview, values, behaviour patterns and religious beliefs. These collective experiences create a distinct generational identity, influencing everything from work habits and technology usage to social and political views. Sociologists have demarcated Five different generations of people starting from the year 1946 to 2024.

  1. Baby boomers (born between 1946 to 1960)
  2. Gen X (born between 1961 to 1980
  3. Gen Y (born between 1981 to 1995) Also called as Millennials
  4. Gen Z (born between 1996 to 2010)
  5. Gen Alpha is the latest generation (those who are teenagers today)
  1. BABY BOOMERS (1946-1960)

The term ‘Baby Boomers’ refers to the generation born after World War II, between 1946 and 1960. It is attributed to the sudden increase in birth rates during this period, known as the ‘baby boom’. Baby Boomers, born between 1946 and 1960, were shaped by impactful historical shifts that influenced their outlook and values. Their strengths are: a) Vast experience and Strong Work Ethic – known for their dedication, perseverance, strong sense of commitment to work often creates high productivity and reliability; b) Insights and Wisdom learned from years of experience can teach young generations from their reservoirs of knowledge and be invaluable mentors; c) Interpersonal Skills – Boomers developed

strong face-to-face communication skills, which aid in networking, mentoring, and building professional relationships which can be utilised to help bridge generational differences.

Their weaknesses are: a) Resistance to Change – many Boomers may struggle with adapting to new technologies or shifts in ministry dynamics, preferring traditional ways of working; b) Work-Life Balance – due to their work-centric lifestyles, Boomers often fail to achieve work-life balance, which can lead to burnout, irritation, over-expectation of others; c) Reluctance to Retire – Some Boomers may hold onto senior positions and responsibilities longer than necessary, thus stalling the upward mobility of younger generations.

  1. GENERATION X (1961-1980)

Generation X, born between 1960 and 1980, serves as the bridge between the analog and digital worlds. Their strengths are: a) Adaptability – their resilient amid rapid changes brings about valuable strengths to the ministry; b) Independent and Self-Reliant – often referred to as the ‘latchkey generation,’ they value autonomy and are skilled at working independently; c) Balanced Perspective – Gen Xers tend to be practical and have a balanced approach to work and personal life, making them reliable organizers and managers. If their independence is respected and creativity is encouraged, they can do great good for the ministry.

Their weaknesses are: a) Skepticism and Cynicism – Gen Xers may approach institutions and authority figures with skepticism, which can hinder collaboration; b) Individualistic Tendencies – valuing independence, they sometimes work alone, which can affect teamwork; c) Work-Life Balance Challenges – juggling career and personal life is difficult for the Gen Xers thus impacting both their personal and professional lives.

  1. GENERATION Y (1981-1995)

Generation Y is often used interchangeably with Millennials, generally refers to individuals born between the early 1980s and the mid-1990s. Their strengths are: a) Tech-Savvy – Growing up in the internet age, Millennials are comfortable with technology and often create digital innovation in their place of ministry; b) Purpose-Driven – Millennials seek meaningful work that aligns with their values, bringing a sense of mission and social responsibility to their roles; c) Collaborative and Team-Oriented – known for valuing teamwork, they bring strong collaborative skills, which enhance creativity and collective problem-solving. Their best will be seen when there are chances for personal advancement and when their ministry aligns with their passion while serving a broader purpose. Making proper use of their technological skills and collaborative approach can bring about innovative successes via transformative ideas.

Their weaknesses are: a) Entitlement Perception – Millennials are sometimes seen as expecting rapid career advancement, which, if does not happen, can lead to frustrations; b) Job-Hopping Tendencies – known for switching jobs frequently, Millennials may lack long-term organizational loyalty and may look for change of ministry often; c) Dependence on Technology – heavy reliance on technology can sometimes lead to decreased face-to-face communication skills, as well as, addiction to technology and social media.

  1. GENERATION Z (1996-2010)

Generation Z is the first generation to grow up fully immersed in digital technology. Their strong connection to technology, social consciousness, and appetite for constant change can instil a fresh perspective to the ministry. Their strengths are: a) Digital Fluency – as digital natives, Gen Zers are highly skilled with technology, making them quick to adopt new tools and platforms; b) Socially Conscious – generation Zers are deeply concerned with social justice, sustainability, and diversity, often advocating and fighting for ethical practices; c) Entrepreneurial Spirit – Gen Z is highly resourceful and has a strong drive for innovation, with many young people pursuing entrepreneurial ventures. By tapping into their digital skills, and embracing their commitment to social justice and sustainability, they can be made to contribute meaningfully and create innovative spirit within the community.

Their weaknesses are: a) Short Attention Spans – growing up in a digital era, Gen Zers may struggle to maintain focus on longer tasks or projects; b) High Expectations for Flexibility – they often expect flexibility and change in the workplace from the start, which may be difficult to have in more structured environments; c) Mental Health Vulnerability – it is this generation that numerous studies have reported high levels of anxiety and stress, probably due to the pressures of social media and economic uncertainty.

REFLECTIVE PRACTICE

Let us take a little time to do some personal reflective practice. By now, you would know the generation to which you belong. And as an extension, I would invite you to think about the any one of your community members who may belong to a generation different from yours. Now let us do this short exercise:

  1. Do these strengths and weaknesses apply to you (of your generation)?
  2. Do the qualities of that generation apply to that specific community whom you thought about?
  • Take a moment to share these two findings with your neighbour.
  1. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND INTERGENERATIONAL LIVING

Erik Erikson, one of the foremost developmental psychologists spoke extensively about the psycho-social capabilities that each person must accomplish based on their age. His 8-stage psycho-social theory is a very popular and extensively used theoretical framework in diverse areas such as, education, career fulfilment, religious commitment and personal development. According to him, over the span of their life time, individuals learn to resolve conflicts specific to each stage of life and also imbibe certain virtues, which, manifest their growth in personal and professional development.

If you look closely at the virtues learnt through each developmental stage, consisting of progressive increase in their age, it would be clear that individuals learn and incorporate various psychological and interpersonal qualities as they develop. Beginning with HOPE when they are completely dependent on parents and other caregivers, they imbibe the virtue of WILL to master some basic capabilities, from where, they learn the meaning and PURPOSE in what they want to achieve in life. This takes us to the fourth stage when as school going children, learn the virtue of knowledge and COMPETENCE which makes

them feel capable. It is during adolescence – when are in constant search to know who they are – they learn discover their self-identity and also the virtue of FIDELITY.

In fifth stage called as young adulthood, when young people are in the prime of life, they learn to take responsibility for their own lives and that of others, thereby learning the virtue of LOVE. As they pass through the period of Middel adulthood, they realise that they need to contribute to the society in various ways, and that’s why they are focussed on productivity and generativity in whichever way of life they had chosen. During this period, they learn the virtue of CARE, a quality that is other-centred and transformative. The final stage of life, when individuals have worked long enough and developed themselves and their places of ministry, they reach the state of serenity and WISDOM.

Applying this theory in intergenerational living, it is not difficult to understand what are VIRTUES that we need to learn as we pass from our young age to old age, always growing intelligently, serenely and wisely.

IV: PSYCHO-SPIRITUAL JOURNEY TO

      INTERGENERATIONAL LIVING

The Catholic Church, in its centuries-long history, has often emphasized the importance of intergenerational living among religious communities, where priests, religious sisters, and brothers are deeply rooted in a shared mission. These communities are not just structured for practical purposes; they are deeply spiritual and relational units. Within these settings, intergenerational living plays a crucial role, offering a dynamic of mutual learning, mentorship, and the transmission of faith and ministry. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how different generations can work together to fulfil their shared mission

Biblical & Theological Foundations of older generation’s mission

The Bible presents a vision of life that involves the cooperation and mutual dependence of different generations. This is evident both in the Old Testament and the New Testament where we see a strong emphasis on the passing of wisdom, faith, and responsibilities from one generation to the next. The role of elders and the rapport they need to have with the young are very clearly enumerated in the Bible.

  1. Elders as Custodians of Wisdom and Tradition

In the biblical tradition, elders are respected as custodians of wisdom and experience. Their primary responsibility is to pass on the legacy and to transmit the knowledge of God’s covenant, His laws, and His ways to the younger generation.

  • Deuteronomy 32:7: “Remember the days of old; consider the years of many generations. Ask your father, and he will show you; your elders, and they will tell you.”
  1. Teaching the Laws and Commands of God

Elders have the duty to teach and instruct the young ones and to prepare them for owning up the knowledge of the truths that God teaches us.

  • Deuteronomy 6:6-7: “These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts. Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up.”
  1. Mentoring and Discipleship

The Bible often depicts a mentoring relationship between elders and young people. These elders provide spiritual and practical guidance. This mentorship is crucial because the younger generation are prepared to take responsibilities.

  • Titus 2:2-6: “Older men are to be sober-minded, dignified, self-controlled, sound in faith, in love, and in steadfastness… Older women likewise are to be reverent in behaviour… train the young women… Likewise, urge the younger men to be self-controlled.”
  1. Elders as Role Models in Mission

Elders are called to set an example through their conduct and character. The younger generation learns not just through instruction but by observing the life and behaviour of the elders.

  • 1 Peter 5:1-3: “To the elders among you, I appeal as a fellow elder… Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care, watching over them—not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be… being examples to the flock.”
  1. Preparing Young Leaders for Service

A critical aspect of the elder’s role is identifying and preparing young people for leadership. There are very many examples older leaders training the younger ones. Three good examples are:

  • Moses and Joshua: Moses mentored Joshua to take over leadership of the Israelites and lead them into the Promised Land (Deuteronomy 34:9). Moses prepared Joshua for this critical role through training and by entrusting him with responsibilities.
  • Elijah and Elisha: Elijah prepared Elisha to take over as prophet in Israel, showing him how to fulfil his role and passing on the mantle of leadership (2 Kings 2:9-15). Elisha observed and learned from Elijah’s ministry before taking on his mission.
  • Paul and Timothy: 2 Timothy 2:2: “And the things you have heard me say in the presence of many witnesses entrust to reliable people who will also be qualified to teach others.”

Biblical foundation for the role of young People

In fulfilling the mission of a religious community, where there are older confreres and religious sisters who have previously carried out that mission, the role of young people is deeply significant. Young people bring new energy, creativity, and fresh perspectives, while also learning from the wisdom and experience of the elders. Their role is complementary to the older generation, with the shared goal of continuing and revitalizing the mission.

  1. Bringing New Energy and Enthusiasm

Young people are often characterized by their energy, passion, and enthusiasm, especially when some older confreres or religious sisters may no longer have the physical strength or stamina to carry out certain tasks. Their youthful vigour can breathe new life into the mission, enabling it to expand and reach more people.

  • 1 Timothy 4:12:“Don’t let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in speech, in conduct, in love, in faith and in purity.”
  1. Being Open to Guidance and Formation

Being open to formation and spiritual guidance is a hallmark quality of young people. In communities where mission work has been ongoing, the spiritual and pastoral knowledge of elders can greatly shape the effectiveness of young people in their work.

  • Proverbs 9:9:“Instruct the wise and they will be wiser still; teach the righteous and they will add to their learning.”
  1. Building Relationships and Reaching New Audiences

It is the younger religious that has a natural connection with their peers and younger generations in the wider society. They act as a bridge between the older members and the young people in in a very effective manner, and they can expand the reach of the mission to new audiences.

  • Acts 2:17:“In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams.”
  1. Being Courageous and Taking Initiative

It comes naturally to young people to be courageous in taking new initiatives and decisions when it comes to new types of ministries. In some cases, this means taking risks, launching new projects, or expanding the community’s mission into uncharted areas where older members may not have had the opportunity or resources to venture.

  • Joshua 1:9:“Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go.”
  1. INTERGENERATIONAL SYNERGY

The Way Forward

We are invited to emphasize the synergy between people of different generations in fulfilling the mission. It is important to accentuate that each generation has strengths that complements those of the other generations. Only when these strengths are integrated into a cooperative dynamic, our collective mission will thrive and flourish. So, with this proactive and growth-oriented perspective, we can look at ways and means by which intergenerational living can become an actuality.

  1. Mutual respect and mentorship:The first and foremost quality that all of us can learn is to respect each other and assist each other in our common ministry. In his letter to the elderly in 1999, Saint Pope John Paul II, encouraged both young and old to work together for the communion of the Church saying, “The future of every people on earth depends in large part on the quality of relations between generations.”
  2. Complementary role of generations in Ministry:Each generation contributes uniquely to the life and mission of the Church and their complementarity will be witnessed only each one’s role is nurtured and supported. In his message for the 43rd World Day of Social communication (2009), Pope Benedict focussed on the significance of the mutuality of mission: “The elderly is entrusted with the task of passing on the wisdom and faith accumulated over the years, and the young are called to embrace this heritage and make it fruitful in new ways.”
  3. A place of welcome and empowerment of all generations:The Church and its mission can become fruitful when the experience of the elderly and the vitality of the young are recognized for their worth and all generations of religious are empowered to contribute to the mission. In fact, Pope Francis has often spoken about the need of the older people to empower the young ones and the duty of the younger ones to acknowledge them. In Christus Vivit (2019), Pope Francis said, “Young people have the strength to move forward, the elders have the wisdom and memory to accompany them” (CV, 199).
  4. Dialogue between generations:Intergenerational dialogue is a very important aspect of religious communities if they want to fulfil their mission in the best possible manner. Pope Francis was enthusiastic when he encouraged a honest and transparent dialogue between the elderly and the young religious. “The elderly can help young people to discover the richness of their own roots, their memory, and to bring out the best of themselves” (CV, 187).
  5. Jesus Christ, the fount of Intergenerational living:The Second Vatican Council stressed rightly the foundation of our common living. The council emphasized the duty of all its members to participate in its mission and called for a dynamic collaboration between different states of life, including the clergy and laity, men and women, young and old. “The Church, for her part, helps us to respond to these needs, by enabling us to draw from Christ, in whom the source of our life and mission lies” (GS, 1965).

Conclusion

The psycho-spiritual perspectives of intergenerational living for the mission in communities of priests and religious sisters is indeed an exploration in to a comprehensive framework. We have tried to present a synthetic and workable framework through a biblical, theological, anthropological, psychological and practical perspectives. The challenges are many, but the possibilities are also numerous in making sure that different generations can come fulfil our common mission.

(Rev. Dr. Joseph Jeyaraj Swaminathan, sdb

Associate Professor of Psychology,

Università Pontificia Salesiana,

Rome, Italy.

Ph: +39 3249051085

Jeyaraj67@yahoo.com )